Veterinary Symptoms & Clinical Signs
Browse 25 clinical signs observed in dogs and cats. Learn what symptoms indicate, what questions to ask your veterinarian, and when symptoms become life-threatening emergencies.
Anorexia (Inappetence)
The complete lack or loss of appetite and refusal to consume food.
Ascites (Abdominal Effusion / Fluid in Belly)
EMERGENCYThe abnormal pathologic accumulation of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity, causing abdominal distension.
Ataxia
An uncoordinated, clumsy, or stumbling gait caused by sensory or neurological dysfunction without weakness or paralysis.
Blepharospasm (Eye Squinting / Spasm)
URGENTInvoluntary, spasmodic contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle causing squinting or tightly shut eyelids in response to ocular pain.
Coughing
A sudden, explosive defensive reflex to clear the airways of mucus, foreign material, or irritating secretions.
Dyspnea
Difficult, labored, or painful breathing indicating an inability to ventilate lungs or oxygenate blood adequately.
Epistaxis (Nosebleed / Nasal Hemorrhage)
URGENTHemorrhage originating from the nasal cavity, nostrils, or nasopharynx, manifesting as unilateral or bilateral bleeding.
Halitosis (Severe Bad Breath / Oral Malodor)
MODERATEAn offensive, foul, or abnormal odor emanating from the oral cavity, typically caused by periodontal disease, oral necrosis, or systemic metabolic illness.
Hematochezia
The passage of fresh, bright red blood in or on the stool, originating from the lower gastrointestinal tract (colon, rectum, or anus).
Hematuria
The presence of red blood cells in the urine, giving it a pink, red, or brownish discoloration.
Icterus (Jaundice)
A yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera (whites of the eyes), gums, and mucous membranes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood.
Lethargy
An abnormal state of drowsiness, sluggishness, low energy, and reluctance to engage in normal physical activity.
Melena
The passage of dark, black, sticky, tar-like feces containing digested blood originating from the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Nystagmus (Involuntary Eye Flickering)
URGENTInvoluntary, rhythmic oscillation of the eyeballs, either side-to-side, up-and-down, or rotatory, characteristic of vestibular disease.
Petechiae & Ecchymoses (Pinpoint Bruising & Purpura)
EMERGENCYPinpoint, non-blanching red or purple hemorrhages in the skin and mucous membranes, signaling severe primary platelet disorders or vasculitis.
Polydipsia
Abnormally increased thirst and excessive water consumption.
Polyuria
The production and excretion of an abnormally large volume of urine.
Pruritus (Itching)
An unpleasant cutaneous sensation that provokes the desire to scratch, chew, lick, rub, or bite the skin.
Regurgitation
The passive, effortless expulsion of food or fluid from the esophagus or stomach without nausea or abdominal retching.
Stranguria (Straining to Urinate / Painful Urination)
EMERGENCYSlow, painful, spasmodic, or straining urination, typically associated with lower urinary tract inflammation or obstruction.
Stridor & Stertor (Harsh Upper Airway Breathing)
URGENTAbnormal, loud, harsh respiratory sounds caused by turbulent airflow through narrowed or obstructed upper airways.
Syncope (Fainting)
A sudden, temporary loss of consciousness and postural muscle tone followed by spontaneous, rapid recovery.
Tenesmus (Straining to Defecate / Pass Stool)
URGENTIncessant, painful, or ineffectual straining to defecate, typically caused by colonic or rectal irritation.
Tremors (Muscle Fasciculations / Shaking)
URGENTInvoluntary, rhythmic, oscillatory muscle contractions causing shaking or shivering movements of part or all of the body.
Vomiting
The active, coordinated muscular ejection of stomach and upper intestinal contents through the mouth preceded by nausea and abdominal contractions.