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⚑ Category Directory

Veterinary Symptoms & Clinical Signs

Browse 25 clinical signs observed in dogs and cats. Learn what symptoms indicate, what questions to ask your veterinarian, and when symptoms become life-threatening emergencies.

Anorexia (Inappetence)

The complete lack or loss of appetite and refusal to consume food.

Dog, CatRead Guide β†’

Ascites (Abdominal Effusion / Fluid in Belly)

EMERGENCY

The abnormal pathologic accumulation of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity, causing abdominal distension.

Dog, CatRead Guide β†’

Ataxia

An uncoordinated, clumsy, or stumbling gait caused by sensory or neurological dysfunction without weakness or paralysis.

Dog, CatRead Guide β†’

Blepharospasm (Eye Squinting / Spasm)

URGENT

Involuntary, spasmodic contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle causing squinting or tightly shut eyelids in response to ocular pain.

Dog, CatRead Guide β†’

Coughing

A sudden, explosive defensive reflex to clear the airways of mucus, foreign material, or irritating secretions.

Dog, CatRead Guide β†’

Dyspnea

Difficult, labored, or painful breathing indicating an inability to ventilate lungs or oxygenate blood adequately.

Dog, CatRead Guide β†’

Epistaxis (Nosebleed / Nasal Hemorrhage)

URGENT

Hemorrhage originating from the nasal cavity, nostrils, or nasopharynx, manifesting as unilateral or bilateral bleeding.

Dog, CatRead Guide β†’

Halitosis (Severe Bad Breath / Oral Malodor)

MODERATE

An offensive, foul, or abnormal odor emanating from the oral cavity, typically caused by periodontal disease, oral necrosis, or systemic metabolic illness.

Dog, CatRead Guide β†’

Hematochezia

The passage of fresh, bright red blood in or on the stool, originating from the lower gastrointestinal tract (colon, rectum, or anus).

Dog, CatRead Guide β†’

Hematuria

The presence of red blood cells in the urine, giving it a pink, red, or brownish discoloration.

Dog, CatRead Guide β†’

Icterus (Jaundice)

A yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera (whites of the eyes), gums, and mucous membranes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood.

Dog, CatRead Guide β†’

Lethargy

An abnormal state of drowsiness, sluggishness, low energy, and reluctance to engage in normal physical activity.

Dog, CatRead Guide β†’

Melena

The passage of dark, black, sticky, tar-like feces containing digested blood originating from the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Dog, CatRead Guide β†’

Nystagmus (Involuntary Eye Flickering)

URGENT

Involuntary, rhythmic oscillation of the eyeballs, either side-to-side, up-and-down, or rotatory, characteristic of vestibular disease.

Dog, CatRead Guide β†’

Petechiae & Ecchymoses (Pinpoint Bruising & Purpura)

EMERGENCY

Pinpoint, non-blanching red or purple hemorrhages in the skin and mucous membranes, signaling severe primary platelet disorders or vasculitis.

Dog, CatRead Guide β†’

Polydipsia

Abnormally increased thirst and excessive water consumption.

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Polyuria

The production and excretion of an abnormally large volume of urine.

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Pruritus (Itching)

An unpleasant cutaneous sensation that provokes the desire to scratch, chew, lick, rub, or bite the skin.

Dog, CatRead Guide β†’

Regurgitation

The passive, effortless expulsion of food or fluid from the esophagus or stomach without nausea or abdominal retching.

Dog, CatRead Guide β†’

Stranguria (Straining to Urinate / Painful Urination)

EMERGENCY

Slow, painful, spasmodic, or straining urination, typically associated with lower urinary tract inflammation or obstruction.

Dog, CatRead Guide β†’

Stridor & Stertor (Harsh Upper Airway Breathing)

URGENT

Abnormal, loud, harsh respiratory sounds caused by turbulent airflow through narrowed or obstructed upper airways.

Dog, CatRead Guide β†’

Syncope (Fainting)

A sudden, temporary loss of consciousness and postural muscle tone followed by spontaneous, rapid recovery.

Dog, CatRead Guide β†’

Tenesmus (Straining to Defecate / Pass Stool)

URGENT

Incessant, painful, or ineffectual straining to defecate, typically caused by colonic or rectal irritation.

Dog, CatRead Guide β†’

Tremors (Muscle Fasciculations / Shaking)

URGENT

Involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory muscle contractions causing shaking or shivering movements of part or all of the body.

Dog, CatRead Guide β†’

Vomiting

The active, coordinated muscular ejection of stomach and upper intestinal contents through the mouth preceded by nausea and abdominal contractions.

Dog, CatRead Guide β†’