Veterinary Anatomy & Physiology

Paired, small endocrine glands located immediately in front of each kidney that produce vital stress hormones, steroid hormones, and adrenaline.

The spiral, snail-shell-shaped bony cavity of the inner ear housing the organ of Corti for acoustic sensory transduction.

The transparent, convex front surface of the eyeball that admits light and provides the major refractive optical power of the eye.

A vital stabilizing ligament inside the knee joint (stifle) that prevents the shin bone from sliding forward relative to the thigh bone.

The muscular tube conveying food and liquids from the pharynx down to the stomach via coordinated peristaltic contractions.

The major long bone of the hindlimb extending from the hip joint to the stifle (knee) joint.

The microscopic functional filtration unit of the kidney that filters waste products and water from the blood while retaining vital proteins.

Fibrocartilaginous shock-absorbing pads situated between adjacent vertebrae along the spinal column.

Paired retroperitoneal organs that filter metabolic waste from the blood, balance fluids and electrolytes, and concentrate urine.

The largest internal metabolic and detoxifying organ in the body, positioned cranial to the stomach behind the diaphragm.

Small, bean-shaped immune filtration organs positioned along lymphatic vessels throughout the body.

A dual-leaflet one-way heart valve that prevents blood from flowing backward from the left ventricle into the left atrium during heart contractions.

A delicate, V-shaped organ nestled along the stomach and duodenum that has both digestive enzyme (exocrine) and hormone (endocrine) functions.

The external cartilaginous projection of the ear that captures and funnels sound waves into the ear canal.

A vascular lymphoid organ located in the cranial abdomen that filters blood, stores red blood cells, and mounts immune responses.

The complex synovial joint connecting the femur, tibia, and patella, equivalent to the human knee joint.

The cartilaginous and membranous airway tube conducting air from the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs.

The thin, semitransparent membrane separating the external ear canal from the middle ear cavity.

The fibromuscular tubular conduit that conveys urine from the bladder neck to the outside of the body.

A distensible, muscular reservoir organ in the caudal abdomen that stores urine produced by the kidneys prior to urination.