Musculoskeletal System

A spinal condition where cushioning discs between vertebrae degenerate, bulge, or rupture into the spinal canal, compressing the spinal cord.

A progressive, chronic degeneration of joint cartilage accompanied by joint inflammation, bone remodeling, and chronic pain.

A polygenic developmental disorder of the hip joint leading to joint laxity, abnormal biomechanical wear, and secondary osteoarthritis.

An uncoordinated, clumsy, or stumbling gait caused by sensory or neurological dysfunction without weakness or paralysis.

Involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory muscle contractions causing shaking or shivering movements of part or all of the body.

A veterinary non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) prescribed to relieve pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis and surgery in dogs.

An analogue of the neurotransmitter GABA used for managing neuropathic and chronic pain, situational feline anxiety, and adjunct seizure control.

A broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, used for tick-borne diseases and respiratory infections.

A potent partial mu-opioid agonist providing excellent analgesia, uniquely well-absorbed across feline oral mucous membranes.

A first-generation bactericidal cephalosporin antibiotic that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, premier for canine bacterial pyoderma.

A non-invasive diagnostic imaging modality using ionizing radiation to produce two-dimensional shadow projections of internal bones, lungs, and organs.

An advanced cross-sectional imaging technique that uses rotating X-rays and computer processing to create detailed three-dimensional volumetric images.

A premier diagnostic imaging modality utilizing powerful magnetic fields and radio waves to generate exquisite soft-tissue contrast of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

An inducible enzyme found on the biliary membranes of the liver, bone cells, and (in dogs) induced by steroid hormones.

An orthopedic surgical procedure that cuts and rotates the tibial plateau angle to eliminate cranial tibial thrust in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture.

A neurosurgical spinal decompression procedure that removes one side of a vertebral lamina to access and extract herniated intervertebral disc material crushing the spinal cord.

A vital stabilizing ligament inside the knee joint (stifle) that prevents the shin bone from sliding forward relative to the thigh bone.

The complex synovial joint connecting the femur, tibia, and patella, equivalent to the human knee joint.

Fibrocartilaginous shock-absorbing pads situated between adjacent vertebrae along the spinal column.

The major long bone of the hindlimb extending from the hip joint to the stifle (knee) joint.

A prescription abbreviation originating from Latin meaning "bis in die," directing a medication to be given twice a day, approximately 12 hours apart.

A prescription abbreviation from Latin "ter in die," directing a medication to be administered three times a day, roughly every 8 hours.

A veterinary prescription abbreviation from Latin "semel in die," directing a medication to be given once a day, every 24 hours.

A clinical medical chart abbreviation indicating that an anatomical structure, organ system, or laboratory test value falls completely within expected healthy parameters.

An informal yet universally recognized veterinary clinical shorthand for "Ain’t Doing Right," denoting vague, non-specific malaise or illness without localized signs.

A prescription abbreviation from Latin "quater in die," directing a medication to be administered four times a day, approximately every 6 hours.

A prescription abbreviation from Latin "pro re nata," directing a medication to be administered only as needed or as circumstances arise.

An injection route abbreviation designating administration of medication directly into a muscle belly.

The universal four-part clinical documentation structure used by veterinarians: Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan.