Hematologic & Immune System

A malignant cancer arising from lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell vital to the immune system.

A highly contagious and severe viral illness in puppies and unvaccinated dogs that attacks rapidly dividing cells in the intestinal crypts and bone marrow.

An aggressive, highly malignant vascular cancer that develops from the cells lining blood vessels, most commonly within the spleen.

A malignant skin cancer arising from mast cells, specialized immune cells that contain bioactive granules of histamine and heparin.

A contagious feline retrovirus transmitted primarily through close, friendly contact that impairs the immune system and predisposes cats to tumors and bone marrow failure.

A lentivirus infection of cats that gradually depletes CD4+ helper T-lymphocytes, leading to progressive immune dysfunction.

A severe, immune-mediated viral disease in cats caused by a mutation of common feline coronavirus (FCoV).

A serious, zoonotic bacterial infection transmitted through contaminated water or wildlife urine that causes acute kidney failure and liver damage.

A yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera (whites of the eyes), gums, and mucous membranes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood.

The passage of dark, black, sticky, tar-like feces containing digested blood originating from the upper gastrointestinal tract.

An abnormal state of drowsiness, sluggishness, low energy, and reluctance to engage in normal physical activity.

The abnormal pathologic accumulation of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity, causing abdominal distension.

Hemorrhage originating from the nasal cavity, nostrils, or nasopharynx, manifesting as unilateral or bilateral bleeding.

Pinpoint, non-blanching red or purple hemorrhages in the skin and mucous membranes, signaling severe primary platelet disorders or vasculitis.

Synthetic glucocorticoid steroid medications used to suppress inflammation, relieve allergic reactions, and manage autoimmune conditions.

A targeted Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor that selectively stops the itch and inflammation pathway in allergic dogs.

An injectable, caninized monoclonal antibody that targets and neutralizes interleukin-31 (IL-31) to relieve allergic itching in dogs.

A broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, used for tick-borne diseases and respiratory infections.

A core laboratory panel that quantifies and evaluates the three primary cellular components of blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

A real-time, non-invasive imaging modality using high-frequency sound waves to visualize internal soft tissue organ architecture and fluid.

The percentage of whole blood volume made up of red blood cells, providing the primary measure of anemia and hydration status.

A quantitative count of circulating thrombocyte cell fragments essential for primary blood clotting and plugging vascular leaks.

An in-clinic ELISA blood test that simultaneously screens cats for Feline Immunodeficiency Virus antibodies and Feline Leukemia Virus antigens.

The surgical removal of the entire spleen, most commonly performed for bleeding splenic masses, trauma, or splenic torsion.

A quick, minimally invasive diagnostic procedure using a fine needle to collect cells from a lump, organ, or fluid for microscopic cytology.

The microscopic evaluation of cells collected from body fluids, ear exudate, skin scrapings, or fine-needle aspirates.

A minimally invasive diagnostic sampling procedure using real-time ultrasound guidance to direct a fine needle into deep internal organs or masses to harvest cells for cytology.

A vascular lymphoid organ located in the cranial abdomen that filters blood, stores red blood cells, and mounts immune responses.

Small, bean-shaped immune filtration organs positioned along lymphatic vessels throughout the body.

The largest internal metabolic and detoxifying organ in the body, positioned cranial to the stomach behind the diaphragm.

A prescription abbreviation originating from Latin meaning "bis in die," directing a medication to be given twice a day, approximately 12 hours apart.

A prescription abbreviation from Latin "ter in die," directing a medication to be administered three times a day, roughly every 8 hours.

A veterinary prescription abbreviation from Latin "semel in die," directing a medication to be given once a day, every 24 hours.

A clinical medical chart abbreviation indicating that an anatomical structure, organ system, or laboratory test value falls completely within expected healthy parameters.

An informal yet universally recognized veterinary clinical shorthand for "Ain’t Doing Right," denoting vague, non-specific malaise or illness without localized signs.

A prescription abbreviation from Latin "quater in die," directing a medication to be administered four times a day, approximately every 6 hours.

The universal four-part clinical documentation structure used by veterinarians: Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan.